Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit the first female president of the United Nations General Assembly

When India was struggling for its independence, there was a woman who contributed to the freedom struggle by becoming the first woman in pre-independent India to hold a cabinet position of local self-government and public health in the year 1937 to 1939.

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit -an Indian politician, freedom fighter, and a diplomat was born on 18 August 1900, Prayagraj and is better known as Jawaharlal Nehru's younger sister.

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was born as Swarup Kumari Nehru on August 18, 1900, in Allahabad and later became one of the world’s leading women in the 20th century.

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was born in Allahabad in what was then the United Provinces later, Uttar Pradesh on August 18, 1900, and was given the name Swarup Kumari ("Beautiful Princess") Nehru. She was the eldest daughter of a distinguished Brahmin lawyer, Motilal Nehru, and eleven years younger than her brother, Jawaharlal. Accustomed to luxury and educated at home and in Switzerland, she was greatly influenced by Mohandas Ghandi and became identified with the struggle for independence. She was imprisoned by the British on three different occasions, in 1932-1933, 1940, and 1942-1943.

In May 1921 she married Ranjit Sitaram Pandit, a foreign-educated barrister from Kathiawar. At that time she changed her name to Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit. The Pandit's had three daughters, including the novelist Nayantara (Pandit) Sehgal. Her husband died on January 14, 1944.

In 1934 Pandit's long career in politics officially began with her election to the Allahabad Municipal Board. In 1936 she was elected to the Assembly of the United Provinces, and in 1937 became minister of local self-government and public health the first Indian woman ever to become a cabinet minister. Like all Congress party officeholders, she resigned in 1939 to protest against the British government's declaration that India was a participant in World War II. Along with other Congress leaders, she was imprisoned after the Congress' "Quit India" Resolution of August 1942.

In 1921, she was married to Ranjit Pandit (1893-1944), a successful barrister from Kudal, Maharashtra and classical scholar who translated Kalhana's epic history Rajatarangini into English from Sanskrit. He was arrested for his support of Indian independence and died in Lucknow prison in 1944, leaving behind his wife and their three daughters Chandralekha Mehta, Nayantara Sehgal and Rita Dar. She died in the year 1990.

Forced to reorient her life after her husband's death, Pandit traveled in the United States from late 1944 to early 1946, mainly on a lecture tour. Returning to India in January 1946, she resumed her portfolio as minister of local self-government and public health in the United Provinces. In the fall of 1946 she undertook her first official diplomatic mission as leader of the Indian delegation to the United Nations General Assembly. She also led India's delegations to the General Assembly in 1947, 1948, 1952, 1953, and 1963.

Pandit was elected to India's Constituent Assembly in 1946. Shortly after India's independence in 1947, she joined the foreign service and was appointed India's first ambassador to the Soviet Union. In early 1949 she became ambassador to the United States.

In November 1951 she returned to India to contest successfully for a seat in the Lok Sabha (India's parliament) in the first general elections. In September 1953 she was given the honor of being the first woman and the first Asian to be elected president of the U.N. General Assembly.

For nearly seven years, beginning in December 1954, Pandit served as Indian high commissioner (ambassador) to the United Kingdom, including a tense period in British-Indian relations at the time of the Suez and Hungarian crisis' in 1956. From March 1963 until August 1963 she served as governor of the state of Maharashtra.

Jawaharlal Nehru's death on May 27, 1964 came as a great shock to her. In November, she was elected to the Lok Sabha in a by-election in the Philpur constituency of Uttar Pradesh, which her brother had represented for 17 years. She was re-elected in the fourth general elections in 1967, but resigned the following year for "personal reasons."

Furious at Indira Ghandi's (whose maiden name was Nehru) state-of-emergency suspension of democratic processes from 1975 to 1977, she campaigned against her niece. Her efforts resulted in an electoral defeat for Ghandi.

Pandit had not been politically active for several years when she died in Dehru Dun, India on December 1, 1990. On the occasion of her death, President Ramaswami Venkataraman described Pandit as a "luminous strand in the tapestry of India's freedom struggle. Distinctive in her elegance, courage, and dedication, Mrs. Pandit was an asset to the national movement."

Her daughter Chandralekha was married to Ashok Mehta and has three children. Her second daughter Nayantara Sahgal, who later settled in her mother's house in Dehradun, is a well-known novelist. She was married to Gautam Sahgal and had a daughter, Gita Sahgal. Nayantara married E.N Mangat Rai after Gautam's death. Her third daughter was Rita who was married to Avatar Krishna Dhar and has two sons, including Gopaldhar. She worked in Redcross.

Gita Sahgal, the writer and journalist on issues of feminism, fundamentalism, and racism, director of prize-winning documentary films, and human rights activist, is her granddaughter.

Writings:
Pandit's own writings include So I Became a Minister (1939); Prison Days (1946); a touching essay, "The Family Bond, " in Rafiq Zakaria, ed., A Study of Nehru (1959); many interviews and articles, and innumerable published speeches. Her daughter, Nayantara (Pandit) Sahgal, presented revealing portraits in Prison and Chocolate Cake (1954) and From Fear Set Free (1963). There is no good biography of Pandit, but three books by professed admirers are interesting: Anne Guthrie Madame Ambassador: The Life of Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit (1962); Vera Brittain Envoy Extraordinary (1965); and Robert Hardy Andrews A Lamp for India: The Story of Madame Pandit (1967). She is often referred to in books on the Nehrus and in biographies of her brother, Jawaharlal Nehru.

Quick FACTS TO KNOW ABOUT VIJAYA LAKSHMI PANDIT:

Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was born as Swarup Kumari Nehru on August 18, 1900, in Allahabad and later became one of the world’s leading women in the 20th century.
She was the daughter of Motilal Nehru and a younger sister of Jawaharlal Nehru. In 1921, after receiving a private education in India and abroad, she got married to Ranjit Sitaram Pandit and changed her name.
She was arrested and imprisoned thrice by the British in the years 1932-1933, 1940, and 1942-1943 in connection with civil disobedience movements.
In 1937, Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit was elected as a member of the Legislative Assembly of the United Provinces, however, she resigned from office in 1939 to protest against British in World War 2.
Pandit was also the President of the All-India Women’s Conference between 1941 and 1943.
In 1953, Pandit became the first woman to be elected president of the UN General Assembly and she headed the eighth session.
She served as a governor of the state of Maharashtra from 1962 to 1964 after the death of her brother, Nehru. Then, she became a member of the Indian Lok Sabha from 1964 till 1968.
In the late 1960s, though she left politics due to personal reasons, her commitment brought her back in 1970s by protesting against the Emergency rule (1975) imposed by Indira Gandhi -- who was her niece.
She also served as India’s representative to the United Nations Human Rights Commission in 1978.
Pandit's own writings include -- 'So I Became a Minister' (1939) and 'Prison Days' (1946).
Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit died in Dehru Dun, India on December 1, 1990.

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Women and Political Power
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Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi the first Indian female physician

Anandibai Gopalrao Joshi became first indian female physician in the year 1887.she was also the first indian woman who was trained in western medicine and the first woman to travel to the united states of america.

Born in 1865 in an extremely orthodox Brahmin family in Maharashtra, a 9 year old girl got married to a widower who was almost thrice her age. Sounds like a normal “old Indian saga”? Not really! The girl later on became the first Indian woman to qualify as a doctor. Even though she died at a very young age of 21, she opened the gates for many young women in India who wanted to do much more than devoting their entire life to household chores. Yes, we are talking about Anandi Gopal Joshi, India’s first lady to qualify as a doctor from the USA in 1886.

Gopalrao Joshi, Anandi’s liberal husband is one such person who stood by his wife’s side and acted as her biggest inspiration and push. Gopalrao, a postal clerk, was determined to educate his wife when she expressed her wish to study medicine at the age of 14, after losing their first child just 10 days after delivery because of unavailability of proper medical resources.

At a time when women’s education wasn’t taken seriously, Gopalrao appeared as a great exception. He had married Anandi on the condition that he should be permitted to educate the girl and that she should be willing to read and write.

Gopalrao started teaching Anandi how to read and write Marathi, English and Sanskrit. He also transferred himself to Calcutta to avoid direct interference of Anandi’s parents in her education.

Gopalrao was an obsessed man. One day, when she was found helping her grandmother in the kitchen, Gopalrao flew into an uncontrollable rage and beat the young girl with a bamboo stick. The neighbourhood was agog: husbands beat wives for not cooking but whoever had heard of a wife being beaten for cooking when she should have been reading.
Anandi gradually turned into a well-read intellectual girl. All this change took place in the face of stiff opposition from her parents, frequent bickering in the family and the stubborn attitude of her husband.

In 1880, he sent a letter to a well-known American missionary, Royal Wilder, stating his wife’s keenness to study medicine in America and if he would be able to help them. Wilder agreed to help the couple on the condition that they convert to Christianity. This proposition was not accepted by the Joshis.

Anandi Gopal Joshi applied to the Women's Medical College of Pennsylvania and was granted admission. She traveled to from Calcutta (present day Kolkata) to New York by ship. She began her medical training at the age of nineteen. While in America, her health, which was already not a hundred per cent from her days in India, further deteriorated due to the cold weather and unfamiliar diet. She even went on to suffer tuberculosis or TB. Despite all that, she stayed motivated to complete her MD in medicine. Her journey had been so inspiring that she got much publicity in the Indian press, and on her graduation, the then Queen of England, Empress of India, Queen Victoria sent her a congratulatory message. She had become the first woman of Indian origin to study and graduate with a degree in medicine in the United States. Anandi Gopal Joshi went on to inspire generations of women to pursue their higher education.

When she returned to India in 1886, she received a grand welcome, and was appointed as the physician-in-charge at the Albert Edward Hospital in the then princely state of Kolhapur (in present day Maharashtra).

On February 26, 1887, just over a month before her 22nd birthday, Anandi Gopal Joshi died of tuberculosis or TB. Her dream of opening her own medical college for women was left unfulfilled. Her death made headlines across India and the entire nation mourned her passing. As a mark of respect, her ashes were placed in a cemetery in Poughkeepsie in New York.

In her honour, the Institute for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences or IRDS, an NGO from Lucknow, still awards the 'Anandibai Joshi Award for Medicine' in honour of her early contributions to the cause of advancing medical science in India. Even the Government of Maharashtra established a fellowship in Anandi Gopal Joshi's name.

Wilder extended his help by writing about it in a local paper, and Theodocia Carpenter, a rich American from New Jersey, saw the articles, and offered to help Anandi as she was impressed by the earnestness and keenness of Anandi to study medicine.

In the meanwhile, Anandi’s health was constantly declining. She suffered from weakness, constant headaches, occasional fever, and, sometimes, breathlessness. Initially reluctant to go abroad due to her bad health, Anandi eventually agreed after much persuasion from her husband and started studying medicine in Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania (now known as Drexel University College of Medicine) at the age of 19 and got her M.D. degree in 1886. On her graduation, Queen Victoria sent her a congratulatory message. She completed her thesis on obstetric practices among the ancient Hindus.

Anandi’s extract from her letter of application to WMCP says,

“[The] determination which has brought me to your country against the combined opposition of my friends and caste ought to go a long way towards helping me to carry out the purpose for which I came, i.e. is to render to my poor suffering country women the true medical aid they so sadly stand in need of and which they would rather die than accept at the hands of a male physician. The voice of humanity is with me and I must not fail. My soul is moved to help the many who cannot help themselves,” (Source)

Anandi was already ill with the first symptoms of the tuberculosis that would ultimately kill her. Her health worsened when she returned to India in 1886. She received a grand welcome and The princely state of Kolhapur appointed her as the physician-in-charge of the female ward of the local Albert Edward Hospital.

Anandi received a letter from Lokmanya Tilak, Editor “Kesari”, saying, inter alia,

“I know how in the face of all the difficulties you went to a foreign country and acquired knowledge with such diligence. You are one of the greatest women of our modern era. It came to my knowledge that you need money desperately. I am a newspaper editor. I do not have a large income. Even then I wish to give you one hundred rupees.”

Anandi died a few days after it. She passed away on 26th February 1887, a month before turning 22. Her ashes were sent to Mrs. Carpenter, her host in America who placed them in her family cemetery near New York.

Caroline Wells Healey Dall wrote Anandibai biography in 1888. Doordarshan aired a Hindi serial named “Anandi Gopal” based on Anandibai life. (Kamlakar Sarang directed the serial.) Shrikrishna Janardan Joshi wrote a fictionalized account of Anandabai ‘s life in his Marathi novel Anandi Gopal. (The novel has been translated in an abridged form in English by Asha Damle.) It has also been adapted into a play of the same name by Ram G. Joglekar.

Institute for Research and Documentation in Social Sciences (IRDS), a Non-governmental organization from Lucknow has been awarding the Anandibai Joshi award for Medicine in reverence to her early contributions to the cause of Medical sciences in India.

In a time when a women’s position was not even considered in the society and their education was unthinkable, Anandi took a bold step to fight and go against the flow to become a doctor. This was possible because of a big supporting hand from her husband Gopalrao who never let her quit and always inspired her to do more.

When some parts of India still deal with unsupportive husbands and a society that thinks a woman’s place is inside the house, the story of the couple is a fresh change. We don’t know if Gopalrao was too harsh on his wife and whether his obsession was justified. All we can say is his support for women’s education and their empowerment was remarkable for the time he lived in.

Though she could not convert her degree into a successful profession due to her untimely death, Anandibai surely left a mark on India’s heart and contributed to a much better, and bolder, India.

Here are five things you should know about the pioneering medic:

She was motivated to study medicine by her baby’s death:

Joshi was married at the age of just nine, as was common in 19th century India, to a man 20 years older than her.

She gave birth to their first child when she was 14, but her baby son died 10 days later due to a lack of medical care for women. This spurred Joshi to pursue an interest in medicine so she could “help the many who cannot help themselves”, as she later put it in her college application.

Her husband Gopalrao Joshi, a postal clerk, encouraged her ambition and helped to teach her to read and write.

She defied cultural expectations and ill health to qualify as a doctor:

While she was supported by her husband, Joshi’s ambitions were condemned by the orthodox Hindu community, who threatened her with excommunication.

Despite that, she travelled to New York in 1883, chaperoned by two English acquaintances of a doctor friend. After arriving in America, she wrote to the Women’s Medical College of Pennsylvania to ask for a place on their medical programme, one of the first in the world that accepted women. In her application she admitted her credentials may fall below the college’s usual requirements but pleaded for them to make an exception “to render to my poor suffering country women the true medical aid they so sadly stand in need”.

She was awarded a place, and studied her two-year diploma alongside two of the first female medical students from Japan and Syria. Despite suffering ill health throughout her studies, she graduated on 11 March, 1885.

She was congratulated by Queen Victoria:

After Joshi was awarded her degree in medicine, the college’s dean wrote of her achievement to Queen Victoria, who was also Empress of India. Victoria reportedly wrote a congratulatory message in response. Joshi received a grand welcome upon her return to India, where the editor of the Kesari newspaper hailed her as ”one of the greatest women of our modern era”.

Her life was tragically cut short:

Returning to India in 1886, Joshi was appointed the physician in charge of the women’s ward at Albert Edward Hospital in Kolhapur. She dreamed of opening a medical college for women, but was an ambition she never got to realise. She died of tuberculosis on 26 February, 1887, before she had even begun practising medicine. She was just 21.

There is a crater in Venus named after her:

Joshi is one of a number of notable women who have lent their names to sizeable impact craters on Venus. The 34 km diameter crater “Joshee” lies at latitude 5.5° N and longitude 288.8° E. It was named in 1997 by the International Astronomical Union.

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Madam Bhikaji Cama Indian freedom fighter

Madam Bhikaji Cama with the first Indian Flag

"This flag is of Indian Independence! Behold, it is born! It has been made sacred by the blood of young Indians who sacrificed their lives. I call upon you, gentlemen to rise and salute this flag of Indian Independence. In the name of this flag, I appeal to lovers of freedom all over the world to support this flag." -- B. Cama , Stuttgart, Germany, 1907.

These were the emotional words of a frail Indian lady, with fire inside and indomitable confidence and patriotic feeling for motherland, India. The year was 1907 and the time, 3rd week of August. The Indian independence was 40 years away, and the world was not fully aware of the burning patriotism of hundreds and thousands of young Indians who were ready to lay down their lives for the sake of freedom for their country. The British were trying their best to put down the revolutionaries by bringing in ordinances, bans and arrests for life on the basis of treason. Treason was the greatest "crime" of the Indian which ensured a minimum of six years of black waters (kalapani) or deportation to Andaman and harsh punishment.

A prominent personality of the Indian Nationalist Movement,Madam Bhikaji Cama was born as Bhikaiji Rustom Cama on 24th September, 1861 to a Parsi family in Bombay (now Mumbai). Well, we are talking about none other than Madam Cama, who is a well known freedom fighter. She came from a pretty well off family and her father Sorabji Framji Patel was a powerful member of the Parsi community. In this article, we will present you with the biography of Madame Cama.

Like many Parsi girls of the time, Bhikhaiji attended Alexandra Native Girl's English Institution. Bhikhaiji was by all accounts a diligent, disciplined child with a flair for languages.

Bhikaji took education from Alexandra Native Girl's English Institution. From the very beginning, she was a very sincere child. She always admired the personalities of the Nationalist Movement. On the 3rd of August in the year 1885, she tied her wedding knots with Rustom Cama, an affluent pro-British lawyer. She did not enjoy her married life and spent most of her time performing altruistic activities. Read on to know the complete life history of Madam Bhikaji Rustom Cama.

In the year 1896, the Bombay presidency was hit by a natural calamity, which had adverse effects on the city. Bhikaji was instrumental in the activities undertaken to provide assistance to the afflicted people. While rescuing other people and inoculating them, she herself became a victim of the infection. She became very weak, but somehow managed to survive. In the year 1902, she went to Europe for subsequent medical care and convalescence.

During the stay in London, Madam Cama received an invitation of the “International Socialist Conference” which was scheduled to start on 18th August 1907. The conference was being held since the previous ten years. This time the venue for the Annual meet was Stuttgart, in Germany. Savarkar always attempted to garner International support for the issue of Independence for India. Savarkar suggested that Madam Cama and Barrister Sardarsingh Rana should attend the conference as representatives of India. Savarkar also drafted the resolution that was to be proposed there.

On deciding that Madam Cama would propose the resolution during the conference, Savarkar realized that our nation does not have an independent flag for unfurling there. (Congress always hailed and pompously marched the British Union Jack, considering it to be Hindustan’s flag). Savarkar did not sit idle. From his talented personality Hindustan’s Tricolour, the first national flag, was born. Savarkar’s genius was so remarkable that all the flags that were used during freedom struggle and later had a set of three colours.

Madam Cama and Bhanumatiji, the wife of Shri Shamji Krishna Varma, themselves stitched this flag, using rich satin and silk cloth of the same three colours. Three such flags were made. The reason being, in the event of seizure of one during police action, the other could be used. To avoid any obstacle that could be created by anybody, Madam Cama carried one flag out of England, having hidden it in her blouse. Barrister Rana carried the other two flags to Paris. Around this time, the British government ordered Madam Cama to leave England. Madam Cama shifted her base to Paris, capital of France. It’s from Paris that she went to Stuttgart.

The Meaning of Colours and Symbols of the Flag hoisted by Madam Cama:

On 21st August, 1907, at the International Socialistic Conference, when Madam Cama unfurled the flag, she also explained the meaning of its colours and symbols. The top stripe of the Flag was Green in colour. The Eight provinces of India of those days were represented by eight lotus flowers. The slogan “Vande Mataram” for which hundreds of youngsters got their heads broken and also chanted the same while being hanged was inscribed on the centre saffron stripe. The Sun and Moon on the bottom red stripe indicated that India would remain Independent till Sun and Moon continued to grace the skies.

The Green colour reflected Courage and Spirit. The Saffron colour indicated victory and Red colour displayed Strength. After reading out the resolution Madam Cama delivered a straightforward speech. At the end of the speech, waving the flag she said “Before I end my speech, I want to tell you that, while I am alive I completely hope to see that the Republican State of India is formed. Vande Mataram”.

Later on during meetings of revolutionaries in Paris, a smaller version of the flag was always placed in the center of Madam Cama’s table. She also got one badge of the same flag made. She always carried the badge on her chest.

After the conference Madam Cama was invited by American Nationalists in order to propagate the Indian freedom struggle. On 19th October, 1907 she reached America. Even in America, in front of the locals, through her speeches she exposed the British suppression in India.

Started periodical “Madan Talwar”:

During this time Savarkar’s book “The Indian War of Independence- 1857” was published. Madam Cama declared that this book which was banned by British government would be available at her Paris address. She along with P.T. Acharya published French transcript of the book. After Madanlal Dingra assassinated Curzon Wyllie, Madam Cama visited Savarkar in London. In memory of Madanlal Dingra she started a periodical in September 1909 called ‘Madan Talwar’.

In the first week of January, 1910, on account of toiling efforts in the work of revolution, Savarkar started facing health problems. For a weather change, he went from London to Madam Cama’s place in Paris. By this time, Madam Cama had already become his second mother. This unique mother nursed Savarkar for nearly two months. By this time Savarkar was linked to the assassination of Jackson by Anant Kanhere in Nashik. Savarkar had sent the related pistol. Analysing the danger looming over colleagues in India and London, Savarkar felt that staying in Paris was incorrect and decided to go to London. Realising that Savarkar would be arrested immediately on reaching London, Madam Cama became worried. She tried to reverse Savarkar’s decision of going back to London. But Savarkar remained firm on his decision.

On 13th March, 1910 Madam Cama and Lala Hardayal accompanied Savarkar to the railway station. A Dark gloom persisted in the mind of Madam Cama while bidding farewell to Savarkar. He was immediately arrested, as he reached Victoria station, and on Judicial orders it was decided to send him to India.

Though the government tried to keep it confidential, Madam Cama and her colleagues got the information that Savarkar would be taken to India in the ‘Morea’ Ship. On knowing that the Ship had arrived at the Marseilles port, she drove along with V.V.S. Iyer from Paris and reached Marseilles. She reached 10-15 minutes after Savarkar was caught and taken back on the Ship. On enquiring with the locals about the chaos, she came to know about the incident of Savarkar’s historical dive. She felt very sad, but did not sit quietly. She informed M Jaures, Mayor of Marseilles about the incident. She told Jaures that arrest of Savarkar by British police on France soil was an insult to France and personally sent the news to the newspaper ‘Le Temps’ in Paris. The news of the illegal arrest published in the newspaper spread like fire across the world and caused huge embarrassment for the British government. Realizing that the government will be partial in executing the case on Savarkar, she sent a telegram to Barrister Joseph Baptisita to meet Savarkar as lawyer.

When Bhikaji Cama was in Paris, she happened to come across a number of notable leaders of the Indian Nationalist Movement. In Holland, they secretly published and circulated the revolutionary literature for the Nationalist Movement. During her stay in France, the British Raj authorities requested her extradition, but the French Government did not show their willingness and refused to cooperate. In return, the Britishers confiscated Madame Cama's legacy.

Bhikaji Cama has always been actively involved in fighting for gender equality. On August 22, 1907, she raised the flag for India's Independence at the International Socialist Conference in Stuttgart, Germany. There are many cities in India that have streets and places being named after Bhikaiji Cama. On 26th January 1962, the Indian Posts and Telegraphs Department issued a stamp to acknowledge her work and give her honor. The Indian Coast Guard consists of a ship that has been named after her.

Madam Cama’s wish to secure the release of Savarkar was so intense that she visited the British Embassy in Paris and handed over an application to the Ambassador. She mentioned that “The onus of sending the pistols to India was mine and not of Savarkar. I gave Chaturbhuj Amin the pistols to carry to India”. This act reflects her courage, dynamism and clear patriotism. She did not stop at that but also sent all information related to Savarkar to newspapers for publishing.

On 30th January, 1911, Savarkar was sentenced to life imprisonment. When Savarkar was at Andaman, she also provided financial aid to Savarkar’s younger brother Narayanrao Savarkar for higher studies. Angry British government sent a request to the French government to send Madam Cama back to India, but the French government did not abide by it.

During the First World War, Madam Cama used to visit military camps in Marseilles and ask Indian soldiers over there “Would you fight on behalf of those who have forced your motherland into slavery?”. During this war since France and England were allies, Madam Cama was asked to stay outside of Paris and was subjected to report to the police station once a week. Madam Cama still stood firm and was not shaken.

After the end of war Madam Cama returned back to Paris and resumed her political activities. But her health was not supportive. Being occupied with the revolutionary activities, she had been neglecting her health. Her financial situation had also deteriorated. Her wish to return to her motherland started getting intense. On severe perseverance and assurance of not participating in the freedom struggle, in 1935 i.e. after 34 long years she was granted permission to return to India. She came to Mumbai, but did not live for long. On 13^th August, 1936 she died.

No memorial of Madam Cama has been created. But her life’s devotion and the severe pangs she has suffered while staying in foreign countries for the Independence of India should not be forgotten. The nation should pay due respect to her. Some people call the lady who has taken charge of the Rashtrapati Bhawan as ‘Daughter of Maharashtra’, while some others call the lady of Indian origin who stayed in space for six months as the ‘Daughter of India’. But in true sense, the lady who unfurled the First national flag of India across the seven seas is the real ‘Daughter of Maharashtra’ and ‘Daughter of India’.
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There are may ways to do this.
1. Organize a woman centric movie for all together to watch followed by dinner/lunch/tea.
2. Have a competition like salad competition or embroidery
3. Have fun games organized such as cricket or kho-kho
4. One can go for food stalls.
5.Have an essay or speech or debate on womens issues.

You could make some streamers in bright colours and some posters which say positive things about women, and perhaps things that women are working for too, such as equal pay and conditions.
Each woman could bring a special lunch and all the women go into the tea room of park, and share the food at a picnic.
You could invite the oldest woman at the office to talk a little about how anything has changed since she was a young woman.
Become educated about global women’s rights issues.
Women are oppressed and persecuted all over the world in countless ways, including sex trafficking, female genital mutilation, dowries, honor killings and rape. Raising awareness of these important issues is an important step in addressing the international persecution of women. For a brief overview of international domestic violence issues, check out our online article dedicated to international women’s issues and read some of the stories of our clients who have had to face these horrors.
Attend a lecture or forum.
Attend a parade or celebration in honor of international women’s day.
Help women in need.
International includes your neighborhood and community. Go through your closet, pantry and basement and donate food, clothes, toys, toiletries or time to a women’s shelter or organization in your area. You might also try organizing a fundraiser at your business. Sanctuary for Families accepts many different forms of donations and can help you set up a corporate donation drive.
Recognize women's roles in your life.
Take a few minutes to look at your own life experiences and review the influence women have had in your life. Thank the women who have contributed to your life in meaningful ways and try to address any pain that you may have been caused by the women close to you. Recognizing the effect of women on our growth allows us to enjoy the positive and heal the negative. Talk to your spouse, sister, mother, and grandmother about how their lives have changed so you can recognize the achievements of the women in your own life as well as in your community. If you have children, include them in the conversation as well.
Make a Donation to a local women’s organization, such as Sanctuary for Families.
Sanctuary for Families offers hope to women and children who have been victims of domestic violence through counseling, legal services, food, clothing, shelter and a chance for independence. Sanctuary depends heavily upon private funding to support the variety of innovative programs and services it provides to domestic violence victims and their children.
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Equality for Women is Progress for All

Message by United Nations Under-Secretary-General and Executive Director of UN Women

Today we join the people of the world in celebration of the progress made for women's rights, women's empowerment and gender equality. We also acknowledge that progress has been slow, uneven and in some cases women and girls face new and more complex challenges.

International Women's Day is therefore also a day to recommit ourselves to working harder for gender equality, together as women, men, youth and leaders of nations, communities, religion and commerce.

If we act decisively, with the knowledge that empowering women and girls and supporting their full participation can help solve the greatest challenges of the 21st century, we will find lasting solutions to many of the problems we face in our world. Major challenges such as poverty, inequality, violence against women and girls, and insecurity will be addressed substantially.

Women spend the majority of their income on the well-being of their children and family. Raising women's labour force participation increases economic growth. By ending women's poverty, we will sustainably and significantly reduce extreme poverty worldwide.

By keeping girls in school longer, with quality education we will empower young women to play their full role in society and build stronger families, communities and democracies.

By advancing equal opportunity and removing structural barriers to women's economic empowerment, we will reduce inequality and spur inclusive economic growth.

By supporting women's equal representation in leadership positions in peacemaking, in communities, in politics, in business and in religious institutions, we will build a more just, peaceful and secure world.

By working with men and boys, and doing it together, we will engage humanity in a task that is a responsibility for all.

As we celebrate International Women's Day, we remember and celebrate the women who, led by women in trade unions on this day more than a century ago, called for better working conditions, peace and bread. Their call is still valid today.

Given slow and uneven progress, we continue to call for change. And we pay tribute to the countless women around the world who are making change every day as they go about their daily lives.

Nearly 20 years after the Beijing Women's Conference, and 15 years after the Millennium Summit, we look back with pride at the achievements that have been made. More women are working. More girls are in school. Fewer women die in pregnancy and childbirth. And more women are in leadership positions.

But no country in the world has achieved equality between women and men and girls and boys, and violations of the rights of women and girls are an outrage. So let us build on the lessons learned and the knowledge that equality for women is progress for all, and make greater and bolder progress as we work to achieve the Millennium Development Goals and chart a new post-2015 development agenda.

We can no longer afford to hold back half the world's population. The 21st century has to be different for every woman and girl in the world. She must know that to be born a girl is not the start of a life of hardship and disadvantage. Together we must make sure that:

SHE is Safe and Secure from gender-based violence.

SHE has Human rights that are respected, including reproductive rights.

SHE is Empowered economically and in every way through Education, Equal opportunity, participation and leadership.

This is the SHE Imperative to which I call on you to commit.

Let us all cross the line and stand on the right side of history.

Today and every day, UN Women will stand strong for women's rights, women's empowerment and gender equality.

Equality for women is progress for all.

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Perizaad Zorabian attends Jimmy Choo's celebration of International Women’s Day

Global luxury accessory brand Jimmy Choo celebrated International Women's Day with a cocktail evening at Asilo Rooftop Restaurant & Lounge at The Palladium Hotel. Celebrating strong, gorgeous women, the ever-fashionable Michelle Poonawalla hosted an elegant sundowner soiree

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???The Best Lines ever said by a Man....."

??When I was born, A Woman was there to hold me...... ?My Mother?

??As I grew up as a child, A woman was there to care & play with me..... ? My sister?

??I went to school, A Woman was there to help me learn...... ?My Teacher?

??I needed compatibility, company & Love, A Woman was there for me.. ?My Wife?

??I became tough, A Woman was there to melt me..... ?My Daughter?

??When I will die, A Woman will be there to absorb me in....... ?Motherland?

??If you are a Man, value every Woman...&.
??If you are a Woman, feel proud to be one??
Your little girl will hold your hand for only a little while...but will hold your heart for a life time ....

Nari Ek "MAA" Hai Usko Puja Karo,
Nari Ek "DIDI" Hai Usko Sanman Karo,
Nari Ek "BEHEN" Hai Usko Sneha Karo,
Nari Ek "BHABI" Hai Usko Adar Karo,
Nari Ek "PATNI" Hai Usko Prem Karo...

HAPPY WOMEN'S DAY....

Every Home,Every Heart, Every Feeling,Every Moment Of happiness is incomplete without you, Only you can complete this world Happy Women’s Day

Sending you wishes to say you blossom up the world around me! Happy Women’s Day!

If you could see it from my eyes you would know you are one gem of a Woman!

This is just my way of saying that you are a very special Woman in my life! Thanks!

Just wanted to thank you from bottom of my heart for all things you do! Happy Womens Day!

Feel special, unique, on top of the world..its your day!! Happy Womens Day my girl

On women’s day what can I wish for, but the very best for you! Happy Women’s Day!

Some IDIOTS say:”Behind every Successful man There is a Woman…” But Nobody know the fact: “WOMEN GO ONLY BEHIND SUCCESSFUL MEN…”

Often we leave our appreciation unspoken! Today we all say Happy Women’s Day!!

women's day special quotes
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The Most Powerful Women in Indian Business

Britannia Industries MD Vinita Bali, Multiple Alternate Assets Management MD and CEO Renuka Ramnath, and HDFC MD Renu Sud Karnad are most powerful women's now.

Vinita Bali:

Age	Total Calculated Compensation
58	40,955,921

Ms. Vinita Bali, B.A. (Economics), MBA has been the Chief Executive Officer of Britannia Industries Limited since January 3, 2005 and has been its Managing Director since May 31, 2006. Ms. Bali served as a Manager of Britannia Industries Ltd. since January 24, 2005. She served as the Managing Principal Officer of Zyman Group, USA. She has worked over 16 years overseas in a variety of marketing, sales and general management positions with eminent multinationals. She has a rich and diverse experience in packaged foods and beverages gained from working with Cadbury Schweppes and The Coca-Cola Company in several continents in a variety of marketing, sales and general management positions. She also blends a high quality of Indian and International perspective having lived and worked in the UK, Nigeria, South Africa, USA and Chile. Since 1994, Ms. Bali held a number of senior positions in marketing and general management at The Coca-Cola Company in the USA and Latin America, served as Head of Corporate Strategy since 2001, and then joined the Zyman Group as the Head of its Business Strategy practice in the USA. She has been an Additional Director of The Bombay Dyeing and Manufacturing Company Limited since April 30, 2009. She has been a Non-Executive & Non-Independent Director of The Bombay Burmah Trading Corp. Ltd. since April 28, 2010. She has been a Director of Britannia Industries Ltd., since August 2006. She has been Non Executive Director of Syngenta AG since April 2012 and Independent & Non-Executive Director of Piramal Glass Ltd. since July 26, 2007. She has been a Non Executive Non Independent Director of Titan Industries Limited since October 18, 2006. She has been a Non Executive Director of Syngenta Crop Protection, Inc. since 2012 and Non-Executive Director of CRISIL Limited since February 14, 2014. since February 14, 2014. Ms. Bali served as an Independent Director of Mphasis Ltd. from March 30, 2007 to July 15, 2010. She is a member of the Global Diversity and Advisory Council of Novartis International. Ms. Bali holds an B.A. degree in Economics from Delhi University and an MBA from Jamnalal Bajaj Institute of Management Studies of Bombay University. She has a postgraduate studies in Business and Economics from Michigan State University.

Renuka Ramnath:

Age	Total Calculated Compensation
52	--

Ms. Renuka Ramnath founded Multiples Alternate Asset Management Private Limited in 2009 and serves as its Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer. Ms. Ramnath has a deep experience of raising, investing and returning third party capital across several economic cycles. She has spent over two and half decades in the Indian financial sector across private equity, investment banking and structured finance. As one of the early private equity investors in India, she played a pivotal role in shaping the market both in terms of leading pioneering investments such as buy-outs as well as opening new pockets of capital for investment in Indian private equity. She served as the Managing Director and Chief Executive Officer at ICICI Venture Funds Management Company Limited since 2001 and served as its Head and Chief Executive Officer and Managing Director of ICICI Ventures and ICICI Prudential Life Insurance Company Ltd. until April 2009. She has contributed in many ways to the evolution of that firm to one of the largest private equity funds in India. She had been with the ICICI Group for 14 years, having joined in 1986, working in diverse functions including Investment banking, M&A, Corporate Finance, Primary Markets, Syndication deals and Structured Products. Ms. Ramnath set up the E-commerce Group at ICICI and was responsible for building successful businesses such as ICICI e-Payments, BillJunction, and Traveljini. She also set up the Structured Products Group in ICICI and was instrumental in effecting landmark transactions like the oil pool securitization for Panna-Mukta Fields wherein cash flows from oil were segregated based on risk. During her career spanning over 21 years with the ICICI Group, she has spearheaded various business initiatives. Ms. Ramnath began her career at the Merchant Banking Division of ICICI and then headed the corporate finance and equities businesses at ICICI Securities. She thrived on change and growth and has successfully managed businesses in varying environments. Ms. Ramnath served as the Chairperson of Infomedia Press Limited (formerly, Infomedia 18 Ltd., Tata Infomedia Ltd.) until August 21, 2008. She serves as a Non Executive and Non Independent Director of Cineline India Limited. She serves as a Non Executive Director at Indian Energy Exchange Limited. She has been a Director at Arvind Limited since October 28, 2010. She served as a Director at ICICI Venture Funds Management Co. Ltd., since February 20, 2001. She has been a Director of PVR Limited since January 30, 2013. She has been a Director of Cinemax India Limited since January 30, 2013. She has been Director of Air India Limited since May 2013. Ms. Ramnath served as a Director of Welspun India Ltd. until August 2007 and an Independent Director of Samtel Color Ltd. from October 9, 2004 to April 2007. She served as a Director of Infomedia 18 Ltd., until August 21, 2008. Ms. Ramnath served as an Additional Director of Geometric Ltd. (formerly Geometric Software Solutions Co., Ltd.) from January 15, 2007 to January 13, 2009 and previously served as its Director since February 20, 2001. She served as a Director of Va Tech Wabag Ltd until April 20, 2009. She served as a Director at Cineline India Limited. She served as a Director of Value Industries Ltd. (formerly Videocon Appliances Ltd.). Ms. Ramnath has featured in many prestigious lists, including the Top 25 Most Powerful Women in Indian Business (Business Today) and in the India's Most Powerful CEOs (Economic Times). Ms. Ramnath holds an M.B.A. in Finance from University of Mumbai, a Bachelor of Engineering in Textile Engineering from Veermata Jijabai Technological Institute in 1982, and also completed the Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School.

Renu Sud Karnad:

Age	Total Calculated Compensation
61	62,282,658

Mrs. Renu Sud Karnad has been the Managing Director of Housing Development Finance Corporation Limited since January 1, 2010. Mrs. Karnad is responsible for strategy, budget, product development and distribution for the all-India lending operations and is part of the senior management team of Housing Development Finance Corp. She is involved in policy planning with regard to housing industry in India and serves as a Joint Managing Director at Home Loan Services India Private Limited. She has an extensive financial expertise and significant international business experience, particularly in India. She joined Housing Development Finance Corp. in 1978. She started her career in the legal and credit department at HDFC and over the years has grown to become the head of the lending business in HDFC. She is responsible for the all-India lending operations of HDFC, covering both retail as well as corporate lending. Mrs. Karnad serves as Chairperson of HDFC Education and Development Services Pvt. Ltd, HDFC Property Ventures Ltd, Credila Financial Services Pvt. Ltd., and HDFC Sales Pvt. Ltd. She served as the Chairman of the Board of Sparsh BPO Services Limited until July 7, 2011. She has been an Executive Director at Home Loan Services India Private since 2000. She has been a Whole Time Director at Housing Development Finance Corp. Ltd. since 2000. She has been a Non-Executive Director at Indraprastha Medical Corp. Ltd., since August 31, 2005. She has been an Independent Director at Bosch Ltd since April 1, 2007. Mrs. Karnad has been an Independent Non Executive Director at Akzo Nobel India Limited (a/k/a ICI India Limited) since August 1, 2003, Feedback Infrastructure Services Private Limited (Feedback Ventures Private Limited) since June 1997, GRUH Finance Ltd., since 2000 and Motor Industries Co. Ltd. since April 1, 2007. She serves as a Director at HDFC Asset Management Co. Ltd., Value and Budget Housing Corporation (India) Pvt. Ltd, HDFC Venture Capital Ltd. and HDFC Property Ventures Ltd, HDFC Realty Ltd.,Lafarge India Pvt. Ltd, Credit Information Bureau (India) Ltd. (CIBIL), HDFC ERGO General Insurance Company Limited, HDFC Chubb General Insurance Co Ltd., Intelenet Global Services Pvt Ltd, HDFC PLC, Maldives, HDFC Standard Life Insurance Co Ltd, Value & Budget Housing Corporation Pvt. Ltd. and Mother Dairy Fruits & Vegetables Limited. She serves as a Director of Egyptian Housing Finance Company and G4S Corporate Services (India) Pvt. Ltd. She has been a Director of WNS (Holdings) Ltd since September 21, 2012. She has been a Non-Executive Independent Director at ABB India Limited since August 9,2013. She serves as a Member of the Board of Advisors at Swiss Technology Venture Capital Fund. She has been a Non Executive Non-Independent Director at HDFC Bank Ltd., since June 7, 2011 and EIH Ltd., since October 31, 2011. Mrs. Karnad served as a Director of Ascendas Limited and TransUnion Corp. from 2008 to April 30, 2012. She served as a Director of Sparsh BPO Services Limited from 2000 to July 7, 2011. Mrs. Karnad served as an Additional Director of HDFC Bank Ltd. since January 27, 2011. She served as a Director of Torrent Pharmaceuticals Ltd. from April 18, 2011 to October 10, 2011 and HDFC Bank Ltd from July 17, 2002 to July 2010. She served as an Independent Director of Oil and Natural Gas Corp. Ltd. since February 21, 2011. She served as a Director of Ascendas Pte, Ltd. and HDFC Venture Capital Limited till October 10, 2011. Mrs. Karnad has a Pravin Fellowship from Woodrow Wilson School of International Affairs, Princeton. She is a Law graduate of the University of Bombay and a Post Graduate in Economics from Delhi University.
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Women's day special quotes

Every Home,Every Heart, Every Feeling,Every Moment Of happiness is incomplete without you, Only you can complete this world Happy Women’s Day.

women's day special quotes:

After all those years as a woman hearing 'not thin enough, not pretty enough, not smart enough, not this enough, not that enough,' almost overnight I woke up one morning and thought, 'I'm enough.'

A woman performs all the duties of a man but a man cannot do all that a woman can do.

Women, from time immemorial have fought for the right of others, now it’s her time to get her rights realized and get equal participation in the society.

If you want to get a plan, go to a man but if you want it to be done, go to a woman.

A woman should be taught to believe in protecting herself on her own and not to depend on a man for her protection. She has the power to protect the world and not just herself.

A woman is one who walks on her own footsteps rather than following the direction shown by the crowd.

A woman, she is born with the power to save and love, her existence is based on the truthfulness in her eyes.

A woman in any form shall be celebrated and honored, be it, a sister or a wife or a mother or any other form.

A woman’s guess is much more accurate than a man’s certainty – Rudyard Kipling

Sure God created man before woman. But then you always make a rough draft before the final masterpiece.

The best way to change the society and the underlying issues is to channelize the power of woman in every walk of life.

A woman with a voice is by definition a strong woman. But the search to find that voice can be remarkably difficult. – Melinda Gates

A woman should be taught to believe in protecting herself on her own and not to depend on a man for her protection. She has the power to protect the world and not just herself.

Women are the mammoth reservoir of power and talent which has yet not been tapped.

Empower women, empower the human community. The base on which the world stands is a women.

Women are the real architects of society. – Harriet Beecher Stowe

A strong woman is the one who can dare to raise her voice for the cause she believes in, and this strength lives in a corner in every woman’s heart, it just needs to be searched.

The sadness of the women’s movement is that they don’t allow the necessity of love. See, I don’t personally trust any revolution where love is not allowed. – Maya Angelou

As a woman I have no country. As a woman my country is the whole world.

When a woman is talking to you, listen to what she says with her eyes.

A free race cannot be born of slave mothers. – Margaret Sanger

It takes a lot of courage to show your dreams to someone else

Being a woman is a terribly difficult task, since it consists principally in dealing with men.

Our mother is one person who makes us realize our dreams. They are the people in our life who work all day and night and that too without getting paid for it.Cheers to the existence of this great creature of the Universe.